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You are here: Home / Intermediate Education / Chemistry Control / Correcting Nutrient Instability
Aquariums like this are very tuned for Coral Growth

Correcting Nutrient Instability

by Kenneth Wingerter

Keeping Seahorses requires balanced nitrate and phosphateOh, the paradox of algae. They have ruined many tanks–even caused some frustrated aquarists to leave the hobby forever. Yet, our tanks (especially reef tanks) cannot thrive without them–think zooxanthellae. Getting that perfect balance of nutrients, principally nitrate and phosphate, can be exceedingly difficult to ever attain, much less maintain.

Part of this challenge lies in the tendency for these and other essential nutrients to fluctuate independently of each other. That is, you can “run out” of nitrate and still have super high concentrations of phosphate, and vice versa. 

We usually talk only about nutrient excess, but not imbalance. Imbalances do, however, occur and cause significant problems. A substance that is required for growth, but can be scarce in the environment, is termed a “limiting nutrient.” Even if all other essential substances are present, the growth of algae and many bacteria cease once a limiting nutrient is depleted. 

Great, right? Don’t we want algae to not grow in our reef tanks? 

Think of it this way; yes, the growth of nuisance algae is irksome, and as mentioned above can straight-up ruin an aquarium. But it is a symptom of a larger, more systemic, problem. Algae grow when there is an overabundance of nitrate and phosphate. Sure, you can get rid of all of the nitrate–or all of the phosphate–and the algae will stop growing (including your desirable macroalgae). Yet, some problems will remain if you don’t reduce BOTH nutrients. Sure, you got rid of the algae problem by removing all of one nutrient. But left in the tank at high concentrations, the OTHER nutrient can still cause health problems for your aquarium animals–either directly or by messing up other important water parameters.

You can add all of the macroalgae you want, but they won’t remove that excess nitrate if they can’t grow, and they can’t grow if there isn’t some tiny amount of phosphate. In this case, one might actually add miniscule doses of potassium phosphate until the nitrate is almost gone (and before the phosphate starts to accumulate!). Another simpler, option is to perform large water changes to dilute the excess nutrient down to acceptable concentrations. Either way, you’d also have to reduce fish feeding/stocking to help ensure that nutrient levels don’t spike again!

So, what about carbon dosing? Algae use inorganic carbon (i.e. carbon dioxide) as a carbon source. Their growth cannot be enhanced by adding an organic carbon source such as ethanol. Heterotrophic bacteria, on the other hand, do utilize these carbon sources. Indeed, as you feed these microbes, and promote their growth, they’ll sequester both nitrate and phosphate from the water column and other areas the system. For this reason, aquarists carbon dose as to “steal” the excess nutrients from nuisance algae. Of course, most carbon dosing targets aerobic bacteria (which respire and produce carbon dioxide), so there is still a risk of algal blooms when employing this method.

But, here too, if a limiting nutrient has been depleted, these microbes might not be able to grow properly. Indeed, all you’ll be doing by carbon dosing, in this case, is further polluting the water by adding a bunch of organics that won’t get “eaten.” 

Beautiful Coral Reef Ecosystems require delicate nitrate and phosphate balances.There is one case where carbon dosing can be used successfully to restore nutrient imbalance where nitrate has been depleted but phosphate remains in excess–when dosing is carried out alongside the inoculation of diazotrophic (i.e. nitrogen-fixing) bacteria. Diazotrophs such as R. palustris are able to make fixed nitrogen (make ammonia out of nitrogen gas). No worries… They only do this under conditions of extreme nitrogen scarcity, and the bulk of ammonia they synthesize is immediately used to build amino acids/proteins (i.e. biomass) rather than dumped into the surrounding water. Indeed, they serve as important in-house symbiotic fertilizer factories for zooxanthellae, thereby allowing corals to grow rapidly in the nutrient-poor waters in reef habitats. Because these anaerobic microbes can supply their own fixed nitrogen, they keep sequestering phosphate even after ammonia/nitrite/nitrate has been depleted from the environment!

Ideally, both nitrate and phosphate should be maintained low–something like 0.5 to 1.0 ppm NO3 and 0.1 to 0.2 ppm PO4. The lower ends of these ranges are probably best, and would not at all be low compared to a healthy natural coral reef. While these are fairly low levels (compared to magnesium or potassium, for example), note that each range spans a doubling in concentration from the low to high ends. So, don’t just aim to stay within the range, but at a particular value. Stability is key! 

You already know how to not introduce more nutrients than your system can manage: Don’t overstock, don’t overfeed, and don’t skimp on the water changes. But a planted refugium can help in overall nutrient control. Same with live phyto! If both nitrate and phosphate tend to be high, and carbon may be limiting to heterotrophic bacterial growth (for example, if you use heavy chemical filtration), then carbon dosing might help. But if nitrate appears to be low while phosphate is high, you may want to bolster your microbiological community with diazotrophic bacteria before resorting to any carbon dosing regimen. And finally: Test often!

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. kris1351 says

    October 1, 2020 at 7:36 am

    Great information!

    Reply
    • aquamane says

      October 5, 2020 at 8:47 pm

      ^

      Reply
      • a.alegria5693 says

        October 7, 2020 at 3:39 pm

        Very informative ?. Keep up the good work. Reading you page on mandarin gobys helped me so much. Thank you

        Reply
        • Regina Heitschmidt says

          October 19, 2020 at 1:44 pm

          You said it!

          Reply
    • kevin.guerrerodc5 says

      October 7, 2020 at 8:49 pm

      Thanks for the info

      Reply
    • tony_garcia18 says

      October 10, 2020 at 8:55 am

      I love it! Good stuff. This website always provides anything I need or questions I need asked.

      Reply
    • gerardobarbaro says

      October 12, 2020 at 8:21 pm

      This is very informative and educational to have a thriving reef.

      Reply
  2. pumas0511 says

    October 1, 2020 at 9:00 am

    Water changes are very important in keeping nutrients instability

    Reply
    • extremesteam says

      October 7, 2020 at 6:47 am

      Definitely water changes

      Reply
    • randles.17 says

      October 14, 2020 at 6:10 pm

      Great information

      Reply
  3. Heatwave Reefer says

    October 1, 2020 at 10:02 am

    Testing and water changes as Pumas0511 stated is very important on keeping stability.

    Reply
  4. mlashawnbenton says

    October 1, 2020 at 10:41 am

    keep doing those water changes.

    Reply
  5. Chris says

    October 1, 2020 at 11:26 am

    Macro algae and pods great for a reef tank at nutrient export

    Reply
  6. cnawn says

    October 1, 2020 at 2:15 pm

    The best way to prevent algae.

    Reply
  7. Molvera18 says

    October 1, 2020 at 4:23 pm

    Water changes and consistency is key in nutrient stability

    Reply
  8. angelyrojas23 says

    October 1, 2020 at 4:37 pm

    Great ? information

    Reply
    • Tom says

      October 11, 2020 at 6:37 am

      Good info.

      Reply
  9. adam.woods144 says

    October 1, 2020 at 4:55 pm

    Always do water changes quickest way to export nuisance nutrients

    Reply
    • Jamie wesenberg says

      October 11, 2021 at 6:28 pm

      Thanks for the info

      Reply
    • Farhad says

      June 15, 2022 at 6:25 am

      Hello .I have pico reef tank I dont feeding my reef but nitrat dont rise under 10 . I change wather but don’t rise

      Reply
  10. Jacob Wright says

    October 1, 2020 at 5:32 pm

    Amazing information as always!

    Reply
  11. Alfie Henshaw says

    October 1, 2020 at 6:14 pm

    Great article

    Reply
  12. Tracy Schultz says

    October 1, 2020 at 7:53 pm

    Awesomeness

    Reply
  13. devon maynard says

    October 2, 2020 at 12:02 am

    Awesome information

    Reply
  14. Joe Camejo says

    October 2, 2020 at 7:01 am

    Don’t chase numbers, keep them consistent.

    Reply
  15. jose.caraveo1 says

    October 2, 2020 at 7:38 am

    I agree reducing the amount you feed your fish makes a big difference

    Reply
  16. Nagaraviteja Gandla says

    October 2, 2020 at 8:59 am

    Knowledge is everything in reef tank success. Nice Article.

    Reply
  17. gandla nagaraviteja says

    October 2, 2020 at 9:01 am

    Knowledge is everything in reef tank success. Nice Article.

    Reply
  18. Juan Carlos Perez says

    October 2, 2020 at 12:52 pm

    Good read.

    Reply
  19. michaelbotzenmayer says

    October 2, 2020 at 3:34 pm

    Pods, phyto and a good source of outcompeting algea, and waterchanges

    Reply
  20. michaelbotzenmayer says

    October 2, 2020 at 3:34 pm

    Pods, phyto and a good source of outcompeting algea,

    Reply
  21. michaelbotzenmayer says

    October 2, 2020 at 3:36 pm

    Great source of info

    Reply
  22. chadtadams says

    October 2, 2020 at 4:10 pm

    Great

    Reply
  23. radoingermany says

    October 2, 2020 at 5:02 pm

    Good info

    Reply
  24. Jordn Gerardot says

    October 2, 2020 at 5:24 pm

    Awesome reed ?

    Reply
  25. Dallas Tippie says

    October 2, 2020 at 11:23 pm

    Fantastic read!

    Reply
  26. wendybsg says

    October 3, 2020 at 2:58 am

    This article was written about my tank! Happened to me yesterday…lost a hammer. My nitrates were bottomed out and my phosphates screaming off the chart. We added carbon to my filter and feeding all mysis. The issue is I have never tested because I was told they were dangerous chemicals, so I have always had my store test for me. But this has changed since yesterday! I am now learning how to test my 3 year old tank. Not boasting, but I feel a little empowered by this. I feel like I am a conqueror and putting on my armor and standing against the unknown (because I am still learning).
    Thank you for the article, I have saved it to my notes so it can be read again and again.
    ~Wendy

    Reply
  27. jeffery486 says

    October 3, 2020 at 4:50 am

    Great article, I’ve struggled a lot with GHA and it is hard to balance and overcome

    Reply
  28. emailme says

    October 3, 2020 at 8:05 am

    It’s definitely a delicate balance.

    Reply
  29. DANIEL E SCHLAGMAN says

    October 3, 2020 at 2:25 pm

    Interesting!

    Reply
  30. DANIEL SCHLAGMAN says

    October 3, 2020 at 2:27 pm

    Very interesting

    Reply
  31. Troy Simizon says

    October 3, 2020 at 4:54 pm

    Great information

    Reply
  32. Ricardo says

    October 3, 2020 at 9:46 pm

    Always learning something new ???

    Reply
  33. David Randall says

    October 3, 2020 at 10:06 pm

    Good refugium will help keep nitrites and nitrates in check

    Reply
  34. zadok says

    October 3, 2020 at 10:17 pm

    Great read! Thanks for writing this

    Reply
  35. zadok says

    October 3, 2020 at 10:17 pm

    Great read! Thanks for writing this!

    Reply
  36. zadok says

    October 3, 2020 at 10:31 pm

    Great read! Thanks for writing this!!

    Reply
  37. chidibang316 says

    October 4, 2020 at 1:32 am

    Actually learned a few more things from this! Never assume you know it all already!

    Reply
  38. jayfl77 says

    October 4, 2020 at 4:42 am

    Great ? information

    Reply
  39. dcreeron says

    October 4, 2020 at 11:06 am

    Info every reefer needs to be aware of!

    Reply
  40. tyler.powell says

    October 4, 2020 at 1:41 pm

    great read

    Reply
  41. Brett says

    October 4, 2020 at 2:01 pm

    Solid input!

    Reply
  42. Jesse says

    October 4, 2020 at 6:53 pm

    Great info as always!

    Reply
  43. email-3575 says

    October 5, 2020 at 7:03 am

    Great content, as usual. Thanks for sharing! Creating the balance for a tank is one of the most difficult things to accomplish but once that high level of stability is met, the results can be amazing!

    Reply
  44. email-3575 says

    October 5, 2020 at 7:35 am

    Great content, as always! Thanks for sharing.

    Reply
  45. Chell Slayton says

    October 5, 2020 at 10:16 am

    Thanks for this great info! Just what I need for my planted lagoon reef!

    Reply
  46. Blythe Dyson says

    October 5, 2020 at 2:06 pm

    Been fighting diatoms for the last month good to know that Phyto and pods will also help outcompete!

    Reply
  47. Timminy Moore says

    October 5, 2020 at 3:11 pm

    Very informative! Can’t wait to get my first frags!

    Reply
  48. Ed Fischer says

    October 5, 2020 at 3:20 pm

    Test Test Test

    Reply
  49. John hernandez says

    October 5, 2020 at 3:41 pm

    Much needed info

    Reply
  50. Lonnie Goldman says

    October 5, 2020 at 4:21 pm

    I have learned so much from your articles. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.

    Reply
  51. gbrag64 says

    October 5, 2020 at 4:34 pm

    Great info

    Reply
  52. Mr Papu says

    October 5, 2020 at 4:43 pm

    Great read

    Reply
  53. Bob Escher says

    October 5, 2020 at 6:06 pm

    Love this information

    Reply
  54. Bob Eschet says

    October 5, 2020 at 6:17 pm

    Great Information, I have been doing this

    Reply
  55. Kevin says

    October 5, 2020 at 6:58 pm

    Water change gang! ???

    Reply
  56. John Graves says

    October 5, 2020 at 7:45 pm

    Great info! Nutrient imbalances are more common these days, more than when live rock was widely available.

    Reply
  57. Jorge Cabrera says

    October 5, 2020 at 8:01 pm

    Testing &water changes are super important.

    Reply
  58. aquamane says

    October 5, 2020 at 8:47 pm

    it all boils down to consistency!

    Reply
  59. motor795 says

    October 5, 2020 at 10:20 pm

    Knowledge is everything

    Reply
  60. Andrew Welsh says

    October 5, 2020 at 10:27 pm

    Some interesting information

    Reply
  61. Lisa says

    October 5, 2020 at 10:38 pm

    Explained perfectly, thank you!

    Reply
  62. Derek Nguyen says

    October 6, 2020 at 12:02 am

    Very great information and insight!

    Reply
  63. chris says

    October 6, 2020 at 7:51 am

    consistency = stability , don’t chase parameters!!!

    Reply
  64. Teri Embum says

    October 6, 2020 at 12:47 pm

    Great information. Imbalances in nutrients can cause problems.

    Reply
  65. Elizabeth Nitz says

    October 6, 2020 at 1:54 pm

    Thanks for the great info!

    Reply
  66. Ken Bilow says

    October 7, 2020 at 4:47 am

    KEEP ON TESTING

    Reply
  67. Kyle Romanowski says

    October 7, 2020 at 9:19 am

    One of the more trying aspects of reefing IMHO…

    Reply
  68. maxbears34 says

    October 7, 2020 at 3:42 pm

    A good refugium is the best way to keep nutrients stable.

    Reply
  69. Larry says

    October 7, 2020 at 4:47 pm

    Do not overfeed

    Reply
  70. Shawn Vest says

    October 7, 2020 at 5:30 pm

    Great article

    Reply
  71. Adam Krause says

    October 8, 2020 at 6:01 am

    Sweet!!

    Reply
  72. Kelly VanAuken says

    October 8, 2020 at 9:54 am

    Very informative.

    Reply
  73. Elizabeth Dusser says

    October 8, 2020 at 7:33 pm

    Great info

    Reply
  74. Christopher Skates says

    October 8, 2020 at 10:41 pm

    I didn’t know all of this. Good to know!!

    Reply
  75. Casey says

    October 9, 2020 at 12:40 pm

    Awesome Read. Love your blog post!

    Reply
  76. Shawn Dear says

    October 9, 2020 at 2:59 pm

    Learned so much

    Reply
  77. Suriyun Soukhamneut says

    October 9, 2020 at 4:16 pm

    Its all about that balance!

    Reply
  78. agatheri says

    October 9, 2020 at 5:59 pm

    great read needed this

    Reply
  79. jason says

    October 9, 2020 at 7:30 pm

    water changes are the key.

    Reply
  80. Robert says

    October 9, 2020 at 8:19 pm

    Wish I seen this info before

    Reply
  81. Robert Paniagua says

    October 9, 2020 at 9:04 pm

    Had the same problem nitrates low phosphates high very unbalance finally turning things around

    Reply
  82. Andrew Welsh Welsh says

    October 9, 2020 at 9:12 pm

    Some very interesting information

    Reply
  83. justan jenkins says

    October 9, 2020 at 10:00 pm

    that all sounds super complicated…

    Reply
  84. Ramon Mateo says

    October 10, 2020 at 2:19 am

    interesting read

    Reply
  85. s_coffman says

    October 10, 2020 at 12:55 pm

    The struggle is real lol. Monitoring the nitrates along with everything else Is a constant balance. Food load, stock load, maintenance, temperature changes, Corals fighting or spawning, piggybacking in algy. You have to pay attention to all of parameters.

    Reply
  86. mstrait44 says

    October 10, 2020 at 6:47 pm

    Good info here

    Reply
  87. chris.oceguera says

    October 10, 2020 at 7:48 pm

    Water changes and stability

    Reply
  88. Roberto Castro says

    October 10, 2020 at 8:16 pm

    A lot of great information

    Reply
  89. Roberto Castro says

    October 10, 2020 at 8:17 pm

    Thanks a lot for the info

    Reply
  90. bellboy63055 says

    October 10, 2020 at 11:06 pm

    Great read

    Reply
  91. bellboy63055 says

    October 10, 2020 at 11:06 pm

    Great info

    Reply
  92. Robert Bowers says

    October 11, 2020 at 6:37 am

    Water changes are a necessity. No home aquarium is perfect and water changes remove a lot of stuff from the tank.

    Reply
  93. matthew j schwartz says

    October 11, 2020 at 9:29 am

    One very important part of nitrates that is always left out is the importance of not just testing for 1 type of nitrates. It is a must to test for both low and high range nitrates.

    Reply
  94. matthew schwartz says

    October 11, 2020 at 2:10 pm

    Impotance of measuring high and low range nitrates

    Reply
  95. Chad Whitmire says

    October 12, 2020 at 4:29 am

    I’ve gone away from using GFO and Biopelets. Now I only use a refugium with natural filtration. So much easier and a lot less expensive. Thank you Algae Barn for all the knowledge that you all pass on.

    Reply
  96. chahine29 says

    October 12, 2020 at 2:53 pm

    Thanks for the info

    Reply
  97. Matt Traylor says

    October 12, 2020 at 4:13 pm

    Great article! Tons of useful info!

    Reply
  98. Mike says

    October 12, 2020 at 7:51 pm

    Good info, never thought about carbon dosing.

    Reply
  99. Linda Montgomery says

    October 12, 2020 at 7:51 pm

    Great info

    Reply
  100. Andrew says

    October 12, 2020 at 10:46 pm

    Water changes being the most essential way for getting rid of excess nutrients seems to still be the most effective way until now.

    Reply
  101. Bob Trimper says

    October 13, 2020 at 3:53 am

    learned a lot!

    Reply
  102. nicole morrison says

    October 13, 2020 at 4:33 am

    Great info make sure you test your water frequently..

    Reply
  103. nicole morrison says

    October 13, 2020 at 4:33 am

    Great info make sure you test your water frequently..

    Reply
  104. nicole morrison says

    October 13, 2020 at 4:34 am

    Great info make sure you test your water frequently.. cheato helps alot

    Reply
  105. rpg56185 says

    October 13, 2020 at 7:12 am

    Keep up on those wc!

    Reply
  106. bsmurray90 says

    October 13, 2020 at 7:50 am

    Good to know

    Reply
  107. trevorpem10 says

    October 13, 2020 at 8:29 am

    Pods! The backbone of the tanks cleanup crew.

    Reply
  108. Victoria Joy Brewer says

    October 13, 2020 at 1:40 pm

    Great info.

    Reply
  109. Victoria Joy Brewer says

    October 13, 2020 at 1:40 pm

    Great info.

    Reply
  110. Usman Qamar says

    October 13, 2020 at 4:29 pm

    Great helpful read! thanks!!

    Reply
  111. SAMANTHA MARTIN says

    October 13, 2020 at 6:21 pm

    Good to know!!

    Reply
    • Mark Clark says

      October 19, 2020 at 5:31 pm

      Regular water changes and don’t overfeed.

      Reply
  112. jenniferlye74 says

    October 15, 2020 at 8:37 am

    Always feels like the hardest to keep up with in reefing. Water change, water change, water change 🙂

    Reply
  113. B says

    October 15, 2020 at 9:57 am

    Always a struggle with nutrients

    Reply
  114. Fabian Noggle says

    October 15, 2020 at 10:32 am

    well i can tell everyone straight out there are times that there is nothign you can do but start over from scratch, that is to say i have seen on a couple occasions that daily water changes, macro algae, algae scrubber, etc. would lower or eliminate nutrients, and one case was a large tank( 150/160 ish gallons) that had 3 coral frags, and 4 fish, and a small cuc of 3 hermits, and a few snails.

    Reply
  115. C Reab says

    October 16, 2020 at 4:25 am

    This is very useful information to have thanks for sharing.

    Reply
  116. cyberkiller6 says

    October 16, 2020 at 7:42 pm

    Chaeto good

    Reply
  117. Sheldon Lewis says

    October 17, 2020 at 11:39 am

    I can’t seem to find a way to lower calcium in my tank but all other parameters have been pretty stable.

    Reply
  118. TJ Saffioti says

    October 19, 2020 at 11:50 am

    Lots of good info, I appreciate the good knowledge!

    Reply
  119. andrew babcock says

    October 19, 2020 at 2:10 pm

    Interesting

    Reply
  120. shanemsalhus-7885 says

    October 19, 2020 at 2:27 pm

    excellent source of info, very thorough!

    Reply
  121. Brandon Rush says

    October 19, 2020 at 2:32 pm

    Don’t run your Nitrates too low or else you’ll kill everything!

    Reply
  122. Leighla Wolfe says

    October 19, 2020 at 3:18 pm

    How I corrected nutrient instability (hair algae and cyano)

    1. SMALL weekly water changes for stability (marching ph and salinity)
    2. Investing in a RODI water system, ATO, and inkbird for temp balance
    3. Refugium with awesome phyto and pods!
    4. Lighting schedule with refugium opposite of main tank for pH balance!
    5. Finding the cause! Overfeeding for instance, lack of flow, detritus buildup

    Reply
  123. Mark Clark says

    October 19, 2020 at 5:20 pm

    Great information

    Reply
  124. Don says

    October 20, 2020 at 8:00 am

    Time and patience! A refugium helps, in laymen terms, grow algae in your sump vs your display tank. I use RedSea Nos/Pos and dose with Nitrate as needed. Maintain phosphate at 0 and nitrate at .5-.1. Also helps with the tanks PH dips at night. Make subtle adjustments and wait 4-6 weeks testing at least 2X a week to maintain the proper levels. It’s a hobby not a chore – you’re not alone. Happy Reefing!

    Reply
  125. Kurt Kidder says

    October 20, 2020 at 7:09 pm

    Awesome

    Reply
  126. gabrielw94106 says

    October 21, 2020 at 10:51 am

    I always keep my water changes to a consistent time schedule to keep a sense of stability in my system

    Reply
  127. michael_barrioz says

    October 21, 2020 at 12:55 pm

    Great article!!

    Reply
  128. Justin Walz says

    October 21, 2020 at 11:02 pm

    Keeping the fauna and flora crucial

    Reply
  129. lapisyogajulianne says

    October 22, 2020 at 12:20 pm

    So informative.. thank you

    Reply
  130. Jelani Register says

    October 23, 2020 at 12:51 pm

    Great article thank you!

    Reply
  131. William Benavides says

    October 23, 2020 at 1:57 pm

    Great info

    Reply
  132. jhernandez16172 says

    October 25, 2020 at 1:05 am

    Nice Info

    Reply
  133. oodydog says

    October 25, 2020 at 5:47 am

    Love ❤️ your articles

    Reply
  134. weshamand says

    October 25, 2020 at 2:27 pm

    Keep on top of your water changes.

    Reply
  135. Donald Christman says

    October 26, 2020 at 2:34 pm

    Never over feed

    Reply
  136. meganpratt27 says

    October 26, 2020 at 3:11 pm

    So many different variables to consider! Thanks for the great info!

    Reply
  137. meganpratt27 says

    October 26, 2020 at 3:18 pm

    Also, water changes have helped us immensely with keeping everything in order!

    Reply
  138. devaji108 says

    October 27, 2020 at 10:12 am

    in all things nature starves for balance…our aquariums are the same. glad this is being talked about around the reef.

    Reply
  139. rpkneumann says

    October 28, 2020 at 8:37 am

    Adding a refugium in my BioCube32. If only Cheato ws available.

    Reply
  140. Scott says

    October 29, 2020 at 8:52 am

    Very informative. Thanks for putting this helpful information on your site!

    Reply
  141. Jeremy Pryes says

    October 29, 2020 at 10:40 am

    I believe the tank takes a true year to stabilize.

    Reply
  142. Josh Stevens says

    October 31, 2020 at 10:30 pm

    Nutritional is always good for stable echo system in your tank.

    Reply

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