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You are here: Home / Refugium Education / The Refugium: A Home for Your Pods
Mangroves in refugium

The Refugium: A Home for Your Pods

by Sean Taj

Mangroves in refugium environmentIt just isn’t enough to say that a refugium is “a tank on a tank” or “a sump with some macroalgae in it.” When used to their full potential, refugia make for a far more dynamic—yet more stable—captive ecosystem. Though they are typically smaller in size than the main tank, refugia play a major role in supporting the very base of an aquarium system’s food pyramid. Traditionally, they are used primarily as nurseries for Nature’s basic foodstuffs, namely algae and pods.

It’s pretty hard to overemphasize how important the concept of the refugium has been to marine aquarium keeping (and it is, at its heart, a concept rather than a mere piece of equipment). Many aquarists joke about how they set up their first refugium—technically as a “filter,” after their significant other demanded that they acquire no more “fish tanks.” Even so, after running a refugium for some time (and seeing the marked improvement in the health of our animals) many of us would never even consider building another system without one. Nowadays we keep a great variety of plants and animals in them, sometimes even blurring the line between display and purely utilitarian purpose. But let us not forget their nominal function!

[Refugium]

In the Beginning There was Light, Algae and Pods

If there was a single element of system design that radically changed the way we keep marine aquaria (and certainly our odds of keeping them successfully), it was the sump. Perhaps this came about from the need to drop water to lower levels for “trickle” filters, which really began to become commonplace by the mid-1980’s. But aside from the advantages of so-called wet/dry filtration, we saw so many other boons to this technique. For example, by drawing water from the surface, much floating waste such as oils and foams could be more easily removed. Most significantly, we could move much equipment away from the main tank (where it was an unwelcome distraction from the display).

As we figured out ways to centralize this clutter in our sumps, they evolved into a sort of little hidden workshop. In a

sense, these consolidated clusters of gadgets became the brains of our system—the core of the filtration system, if you will. However, we did not even consider using these “extra” tanks to house living things (aside from bacteria). This all changed fairly quickly (and just as sump-based systems were becoming the norm) after reef aquarists started to hear about the work of one particularly industrious marine biologist at the Smithsonian Institution.

Dr. Walter Adey was already using the term refugium to refer to any space in an aquarium where certain organisms, specifically those at or near the bottom of the food chain, could subsist without being consumed by other aquarium inhabitants. Originally, this could have referred to any safe haven including deep pockets in the rock structure. But Dr. Adey went one, or two, steps further.

This was an especially difficult time for marine aquarists, many of whom wanted to be reef aquarists. The major impediment to keeping (particularly stony) corals at that time was overgrowth by nuisance algae. In light of the costly failures it caused, to call benthic microalgae a “nuisance” seemed a huge understatement. In due course, we tried all sorts of things to control algal plagues. This included (1) the addition of herbivorous “pods” such as copepods and amphipods as well as (2) nutrient control via the addition of macroalgae and/or deep, denitrifying sand beds. Acting on a stroke of genius, Dr. Adey put all of these things together in a single, separate but connected tank.

The experiment was wildly successful. Kept away from large herbivores such as tangs and maintained under a concentrated light source, the macroalgae thrived. The connected tank itself worked well as a settling basin, collecting detritus that provided additional nourishment for the microcrustaceans within. As their populations exploded, these protected pods steadily spilled into the main tank where they were readily consumed by small fishes and corals. This extremely effective system was immediately duplicated and improved upon by many others. The word refugium was forever after meant specifically as a pod refuge of this specific kind.

The Ideal Refugium

Over the course of the last few decades, the concept of the refugium hasn’t really changed very much. Let’s just say that it didn’t need to change; as it (1) focused on producing a good supply of a natural food source and (2) served well to protect algae and pods while providing them with an ideal living space, it didn’t require much improvement. That’s not to say that improvements haven’t been made to refugium materials/design.

Today, for example, we have much better aquarium lighting technology. Some types are even specially designed to

mangroves in Refugium
mangroves in Refugium

grow macroalgae and are thus very well suited for use on refugia. Refugium tanks are themselves better than ever. Deluxe models such as the AlgaeBarn Triton Style Sumps by Crystal Reef Aquatics offer highly specialized spaces and fittings for certain pieces of equipment even while providing a large, dedicated compartment for use as a refugium. Additionally, there has never been a better selection of both pods and macroalgae. Best of all, the availability of quality live phytoplankton and bacterioplankton such as OceanMagik and PNS Probio™ respectively have made it even easier to maintain sizeable pod populations.

So what does the future hold for the refugium? That is pretty hard to say for sure. Like so many things in the marine aquarium hobby, just when we think we’ve finally mastered something, along comes another big innovation. And it’s really the pursuit of new innovations that keeps the hobby interesting, is it not? Algae and pods will of course always be at the center of refugium keeping. Still, aquarists will perhaps work with many more species of macroalgae, copepods, phytoplankton, etc. in coming days. It is certainly possible that even more refinements of refugium design are to come. There may even be other, novel methods of refugium keeping to try out. But one thing is pretty certain at this point: refugia really, really work and they are here to stay!

[Refugium]

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. polygonreef says

    July 3, 2019 at 2:52 pm

    Sweet one! Love the auricle!

    Reply
    • Michael Gary says

      July 5, 2019 at 8:23 pm

      Great article

      Reply
  2. Jason W Beguhn says

    July 3, 2019 at 3:10 pm

    I seeded my second tank with your 5280.

    Reply
  3. Jason W Beguhn says

    July 3, 2019 at 3:11 pm

    I seeded my second tank with your 5280. Every two months I add a bottle of 5280 pods.

    Reply
  4. Jordan pitts says

    July 3, 2019 at 3:19 pm

    I find my tank looks a lot better when my fuge is stocked with pods from algaebarn

    Reply
  5. Michael says

    July 3, 2019 at 3:38 pm

    These are so overlooked, I’m surprised more people don’t set up effective ‘fuges in their systems.

    Reply
  6. Compy Ginorio says

    July 3, 2019 at 4:51 pm

    A fuge without pod’s is like a garden without Rose’s. A well stabilized refugium is a great and effective tool in your tank balance.

    Reply
  7. Compy Ginorio says

    July 3, 2019 at 4:53 pm

    A fuge without pods is like a garden without Rose’s. Refugium is a very important part of my system.

    Reply
  8. Compy Ginorio says

    July 3, 2019 at 5:07 pm

    A fuge well establish makes a great difference in the overall Tank health.

    Reply
  9. Jeremy says

    July 3, 2019 at 5:41 pm

    Love the advice

    Reply
  10. Jose says

    July 3, 2019 at 6:32 pm

    Thanks for the info

    Reply
  11. Eduardo Govea says

    July 3, 2019 at 7:42 pm

    Refugium is definitely a great addition to a reef tank. The Algeabarn refugium kits is amazing and close.

    Reply
  12. robert vice says

    July 3, 2019 at 8:47 pm

    my ulva I’d full of them

    Reply
  13. Taylor hahn says

    July 3, 2019 at 9:14 pm

    Refugiums are very versatile for our tanks!

    Reply
  14. Cole B Presley says

    July 3, 2019 at 10:59 pm

    I need to make a real fuge in my new tank once I get it

    Reply
  15. Beth Villmow says

    July 4, 2019 at 8:22 am

    Certainly makes”natural” reef-keeping much easier and healthier for the creatures in your aquarium!

    Reply
  16. John key says

    July 4, 2019 at 8:29 am

    Now I know what I’m going to do with that spare tank I have sitting around 🙂

    Reply
  17. Steven Lombardi says

    July 4, 2019 at 8:35 am

    I don’t think I will have another tank without a fuge. So helpful for so many things.

    Reply
  18. artaa1988 says

    July 4, 2019 at 10:10 am

    cant wait to build a fuge for the my bigger salt tank i have in storage waiting to come to life

    Reply
  19. Jose Pacheco says

    July 4, 2019 at 12:53 pm

    Now I’m thinking to star small tank just for mangrove and pods

    Reply
  20. Robert says

    July 4, 2019 at 3:07 pm

    Love this article please keep them coming

    Reply
  21. Martin Oldham says

    July 4, 2019 at 4:02 pm

    this is unreal amazing

    Reply
  22. RICHARD W SMITH JR says

    July 4, 2019 at 4:16 pm

    The macro order I recieved from you was beyond expectations. Thanks again, and by the way, my girl is growing flowers from seed in the plastic Mason jars 😉

    Reply
  23. Gabriel L Nguyen says

    July 4, 2019 at 9:25 pm

    Great info since I’m trying to set up a refugium for my reef tank!

    Reply
  24. CHRISTOPHER SHELTON THOMAS says

    July 4, 2019 at 9:48 pm

    after trying many other methods a sump with refugium has provided the best long term results.

    Reply
  25. Steve says

    July 4, 2019 at 11:11 pm

    Is there such a thing as having too small of a tank for a refugium? Or Is it even more important?

    Reply
  26. Ryan mcmillon says

    July 4, 2019 at 11:35 pm

    Thata exactly what I said no more tanks …..we go a new sump last week

    Reply
  27. giddetm says

    July 5, 2019 at 4:49 am

    great story

    Reply
  28. snowseifert says

    July 5, 2019 at 7:33 pm

    Love this story

    Reply
  29. Evan says

    July 5, 2019 at 8:10 pm

    Wow, great information

    Reply
  30. Matt Moline says

    July 5, 2019 at 8:32 pm

    I have a HOB refugium. I have chaeto and pods

    Reply
  31. david says

    July 6, 2019 at 7:03 am

    I will soon be setting up a refugium, and I’m looking forward to the benefits my reef will get.

    Reply
  32. angelyrojas23 says

    July 6, 2019 at 10:01 am

    Great info

    Reply
  33. Drew says

    July 7, 2019 at 10:12 am

    Awesome!

    Reply
  34. Jeff B says

    July 7, 2019 at 2:07 pm

    Ive got room for a fuge in my sump, need to get it set up!

    Reply
  35. Rich Knox says

    July 8, 2019 at 3:17 am

    I’m ready to start my refugium!!

    Reply
  36. Jered Hedrick says

    July 8, 2019 at 2:59 pm

    Hoping my Kessel will work wonders with our chato that is coming soon.

    Reply
  37. Yakov Elizarov says

    July 8, 2019 at 3:56 pm

    Their macro algae is by far cleanest and best in market. Product packaging superb

    Reply
  38. Tyler.gore.90 says

    July 8, 2019 at 6:43 pm

    My entire new build is planned around how my refugium will benefit my tank. Which at first was working too well.

    Reply
  39. Adam says

    July 8, 2019 at 8:41 pm

    Love a big ol’ refugium!!

    Reply
  40. motor795 says

    July 8, 2019 at 8:45 pm

    I’m ready, just need to not have a sumpless tank

    Reply
  41. sdemarco62 says

    July 9, 2019 at 6:53 am

    Really thinking of moving my refugium to a seperate small tank and plumbing it into my sump.

    Reply
  42. Cole Goracke says

    July 9, 2019 at 8:50 am

    Those are sweet sumps!

    Reply
  43. Matt yeager says

    July 9, 2019 at 10:04 am

    Awesome info. Looking to starting my refugium

    Reply
  44. ReeferReefer says

    July 9, 2019 at 10:10 am

    I would like to see a study on using mangroves for nutrient export. Are they actually effective?

    Reply
  45. Finn says

    July 9, 2019 at 11:06 am

    My display tank IS my refugium.

    Reply
  46. Justin says

    July 9, 2019 at 11:28 am

    Looking forward to getting mine set up.

    Reply
  47. David Hillen says

    July 9, 2019 at 3:54 pm

    great article

    Reply
  48. Chas Johnson says

    July 9, 2019 at 6:03 pm

    I want a prize

    Reply
  49. WILLIAM WAHL says

    July 9, 2019 at 7:06 pm

    Great article! I have a refugium on every tank I setup!

    Reply
  50. chris.singelman says

    July 9, 2019 at 9:57 pm

    Great article! I learned a lot?

    Reply
  51. zadok jollie says

    July 10, 2019 at 8:34 pm

    After reading this I’m defiantly setting up a refugium on my next tank.

    Reply
  52. Shawn Benton says

    July 11, 2019 at 7:36 pm

    Gonna work on one of these!

    Reply
  53. Sean Simkins says

    July 13, 2019 at 4:10 pm

    I need a better fuge so bad

    Reply
  54. Doug putt says

    July 15, 2019 at 8:39 am

    always have a refugium!

    Reply
  55. Michael Wahl says

    July 16, 2019 at 12:44 am

    Great article about algae.

    Reply
  56. danieoue says

    July 17, 2019 at 7:43 am

    useful information. Thanks!

    Reply
  57. Cathy robbins says

    July 17, 2019 at 6:12 pm

    Do you even have a reef if you don’t have a fuge lol

    Reply
  58. Scott Chase says

    July 18, 2019 at 8:57 am

    I run a refugium on all my tanks

    Reply
  59. JW says

    July 18, 2019 at 11:40 am

    The only thing is I don’t use a sump! Not sure I want to set one up just to grow copepods unless maybe I set up a separate tank.

    Reply
  60. eric m sear says

    July 22, 2019 at 5:56 pm

    love it

    Reply
  61. Darell says

    July 22, 2019 at 9:31 pm

    Excellent info

    Reply
  62. james says

    July 23, 2019 at 2:20 am

    Want to try a BIG Mangrove sump when i put up my new tank

    Reply
  63. Allen says

    July 23, 2019 at 9:25 am

    A refugium is a must, where else are all those pods gonna hang out

    Reply
  64. Tara Fuller says

    July 23, 2019 at 6:31 pm

    Could be good for a extra tank. Great info thanks

    Reply
  65. allison Dale lisney says

    July 24, 2019 at 12:05 pm

    On my next tank, there will definitely be a fuge!

    Reply
  66. Josh Veloe says

    July 24, 2019 at 4:05 pm

    Going to have to do this with my 10 gallon tank

    Reply
  67. mamucher says

    July 24, 2019 at 6:12 pm

    Great information

    Reply
  68. Ak Reefer says

    July 29, 2019 at 7:36 am

    The more pods the better!

    Reply
  69. Kelly Tompkins says

    July 29, 2019 at 10:27 am

    I don’t have substrate in my refugium. After reading this article I might have to rethink my stup!

    Reply
  70. Joshua Andersen says

    July 29, 2019 at 10:35 pm

    I like to keep it ol’ natural with a refugium

    Reply
  71. Stacey says

    July 30, 2019 at 10:31 am

    I added your post to my fuge, and the overflow into my DT supports a pair of happy fat mandarins with plenty left for the other inhabitants of my tank ?

    Reply
  72. CANDICE FONG says

    July 30, 2019 at 12:04 pm

    great and helpful article!

    Reply
  73. Brett says

    July 30, 2019 at 12:11 pm

    A refugium is almost a must for a reef anymore. They really do help so much.

    Reply
  74. Matthew Lucero says

    July 30, 2019 at 8:19 pm

    great work

    Reply
  75. Tim J says

    July 31, 2019 at 9:28 am

    Refugiums are such a great way to keep a food web in a reef tank and help manage nutrients.

    Reply
  76. Bobby Daniels says

    July 31, 2019 at 9:53 am

    Love this article please keep them coming

    Reply
  77. CHRIS MATHIS says

    July 31, 2019 at 10:14 am

    Fuges are great for filtration and fun to watch them explode with life.

    Reply
  78. Ben presley says

    July 31, 2019 at 8:50 pm

    Great info. Thanks

    Reply
  79. Tami says

    August 1, 2019 at 5:13 am

    This is why I got a new system and am getting a sump.

    Reply
  80. Alex Lin says

    August 1, 2019 at 7:53 pm

    my refugium is a pod heaven!!

    Reply
  81. lawrence zapata says

    August 1, 2019 at 8:49 pm

    Im about to upgrade to a bigger tank with a sump. So refugium it is.

    Reply
  82. hathcock.sam says

    August 1, 2019 at 10:15 pm

    Great reads and info for anyone in this hobby….Been in saltwater aquariums off/on since the 70’s in college….getting back in it knee deep….My oh My How things have changed….Technology…But the “Same”…..Waiting on my first order from AlgaeBarn – copepods5280 / Ocean Magik / Tigpods / Chaeto – RedOgo – Sea Lettuce….already have live sand and rock in place in my first Refugium…..and Its gonna be fun again
    Sam

    Reply
  83. Eugene Botts says

    August 2, 2019 at 6:22 am

    I run a 36″ PM pro full of Chaeto, sand and live rock with a couple mangroves. Definitely keeps the pods healthy and keeps my nutrients low without a skimmer.

    Reply
  84. Justin says

    August 2, 2019 at 12:39 pm

    Thank you!

    Reply
  85. Tony Holliday says

    August 2, 2019 at 2:28 pm

    A good display refugium is one of my dream plans.

    Reply
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